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Source: EL PAIS
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TINTACIONES
Maybe in a few years the valley was famous of information have to be renamed. In northern California, between mountains and highways, a large agglomeration of new technology companies known as Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley English, chemical element with microchips are manufactured. But the future, say some experts and many scientific publications, is on graphene chips , a sturdy, transparent and extremely flexible.
South Korean scientists have just built the first touchscreen of this material. She is 30 inches and can be folded and rolled to occupy minimal space. IBM, the computer giant, introduced this winter the first graphene chips 10 times faster than silicon. Manufacturers of batteries for mobile advertising that will improve your product with this derivative of graphite, with which also made the world's smallest radio, designed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Are we witnessing a new revolution that will bring even faster computers and even smaller screens? Or talk about the valley of graphene is just fantasy?
screens of the future will be flexible, that is clear. Major manufacturers are striving to find new ways not only of graphene but OLED technology, based on light emitting layer is formed by organic compounds (polymers). Also try make electronic paper with metal oxides or silicon classic variants, such as crystalline silicon or combinations thereof with the rubber, far more elastic.
The institute of nanotechnology in which they have developed the first touch screen graphene at Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul, has gotten the attention of large companies. The industry is worried. Displays that bend like paper and that soon, said James Tour, Rice University (Houston) and one of the most prestigious chemical last decade, will roll "to form a small pen that we will be following the ear. " Samsung, the world leader in various branches of the electronics industry, has announced that in two years the market a similar contraption.
What will happen then with netbooks, these small computers that the market took a clean sweep last year and it seemed all the rage? And what will Apple iPad? In its first four months of life, have sold over three million this ultraportable tablet that serves as computer and phone. But even the great invention of 2010 would become meaningless if it goes to market a screen that weighs less and, extended, is bigger and sharper, while rolled up, takes up much less space.
To Chema Lapuente, disseminator of technology and director of Digital SER radio program, not about the possible disappearance of the laptop or the iPad. It is something that goes much further: "I have very clear that the color rollable displays, which are really going to be able to carry anywhere, are the future. It is not just going to end up with smaller notebooks. Is that they will end the book, the newspaper and everything you can imagine. " The same professor Tour predicts: "As much in 10 years, and maybe even before five, these monitors will flood the market. It's about time, it just depends on how much money is spent." And it takes the price to be competitive.
Since first synthesized in 2004, advances in the field of graphene have been spectacular. The journals teem with articles featuring this carbon structure as a panacea. It is transparent, but leads electricity very well, at least 100 times faster than silicon. A conductive graphene display itself, so no need for a grid of circuits underneath. Being flexible, not only can be rolled, but can also cover non-flat surfaces ("screens spherical, conical, cylindrical?). It is cheap because it is part of graphite is in a pen either. Columbia University says which is the world's strongest material. And do not pollute.
Elsa Prada, a researcher at the CSIC in Madrid graphene, believes that they exceeded all expectations: "Many of the theories that yesterday were described as dreams are slowly becoming reality." Scared to see the theories of today, possible future realities, a thousand times faster microchips and mobile phones thousand times more powerful than the computers we know.
However, the scientific community shares this optimism. The famous Dutch physicist Walt De Heer says that "never replace silicon graphene." "No one who knows the scene can say this seriously. Just do some things that silicon can not do. It's like ships and aircraft. The planes never replaced the boats. "Especially significant is the opinion of Andre Geim, who discovered graphene, Körber Prize 2008 and a future Nobel candidate. It has sometimes made statements rather skeptical about the impending revolution. Asked about his current appears, takes to qualify: "Often the imagination runs faster than the right, is part of human nature. But in the case of graphene itself there is fire behind the smoke. Normally a new material takes between 15 and 30 years to move from academia to industry. And then another 10 to be produced in series. Not even been five years and graphene is already in the industrial field. "That's the good news, but Geim is also discouraging words:" I still is not clear that the technology of graphene will be better for longer exists. Still has many problems, too numerous to be listed. Have many applications, but the most obvious, such as chips or screens, may prove to be a fiasco, while others are not important today may be true gold mines. The problem is I do not know what will succeed. I can only accurately predict the past. "
Few doubt that the amazing come soon screens that will renew the market for all types of computers and mobile phones. Antonio Castro Neto, a physicist at Boston University and one of the pioneers of graphene, predicted to be bought within two years. But the real revolution, to a world of chips and circuits other than silicon, will have to wait much longer, "At least a decade," Castro Neto sentence.
The main obstacle is the production chain but, to be achieved, production of graphene promises to be cheap and low ecological impact. To be a better conductor than silicon, it loses less energy, so that the circuits last longer and consume less. It is pure carbon and is found in abundance anywhere, anywhere in the world (as waste is generated when writing with a pencil, for example). Its widespread use in industry would suppress other more expensive and polluting materials such as titanium oxide or indium tin oxide which are now made most transparent electronic applications. But, as noted by Professor Castro Neto, the transition may be neither easy nor quick: "Silicon is a great business that has invested so much money."
Instead of thinking of a rapid transition, such as copper that led to germanium and silicon germanium, may be more realistic think of a long coexistence of the old (Si) with the new (graphene). Hope so Rod Ruoff, a chemist specializing in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas. "It's smarter to think of this new material as a supplement to produce hybrids. I have not met a single worker in the industry, not even the most dreamy, creating a complete replacement of silicon. Maybe we should listen more to them and least to scholars, "says Ruoff.
After the wonders we have witnessed in recent years (two decades ago Internet did not exist), it is logical excited about the future. Chema Lapuente, which advises consumers of high technology from the web tuexperto.com, believes that many of the wonders of this, such as e-books are nothing more than "a temporary workaround" pending final leap forward. "The key is that your screen is flexible. Everything else is a temporary workaround," said Lapuente. What all businesses want is omniscient device monopolizes television, telephone, computer, Internet ... The device that everyone needs to buy to live in this society hiperinformatizada. That to achieve has to resort to graphene is only one possibility.
Halfway between skeptics and idealists, is the researcher Francisco Guinea, the largest English expert on the subject. Promoter of a new experimental method based on the study of graphene, Guinea believes that the new material "increase the performance of more complex systems, such as those with large companies. But the circuits on a silicon computer remain in a near future. "
So we'll wait and although the latest generation iPads can not take much, Silicon Valley still be called the same, although the maps still appears as the English explorers named it: Santa Clara Valley, patron sailors. Andre Geim, father of the miracle material, has been investigating five years and traveling the world to give lectures. Has heard thousands of times it is here that the revolution of graphene. It is realistic, but at the same time considers that "it is good to have a dream, maybe someday become a reality." And he confesses that takes five years to feel "like Alice in Wonderland, I needed to run all the time just to stay in one place."
Source: CADENA SER 
Maybe in a few years the valley was famous of information have to be renamed. In northern California, between mountains and highways, a large agglomeration of new technology companies known as Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley English, chemical element with microchips are manufactured. But the future, say some experts and many scientific publications, is on graphene chips , a sturdy, transparent and extremely flexible.
South Korean scientists have just built the first touchscreen of this material. She is 30 inches and can be folded and rolled to occupy minimal space. IBM, the computer giant, introduced this winter the first graphene chips 10 times faster than silicon. Manufacturers of batteries for mobile advertising that will improve your product with this derivative of graphite, with which also made the world's smallest radio, designed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Are we witnessing a new revolution that will bring even faster computers and even smaller screens? Or talk about the valley of graphene is just fantasy?
screens of the future will be flexible, that is clear. Major manufacturers are striving to find new ways not only of graphene but OLED technology, based on light emitting layer is formed by organic compounds (polymers). Also try make electronic paper with metal oxides or silicon classic variants, such as crystalline silicon or combinations thereof with the rubber, far more elastic.
The institute of nanotechnology in which they have developed the first touch screen graphene at Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul, has gotten the attention of large companies. The industry is worried. Displays that bend like paper and that soon, said James Tour, Rice University (Houston) and one of the most prestigious chemical last decade, will roll "to form a small pen that we will be following the ear. " Samsung, the world leader in various branches of the electronics industry, has announced that in two years the market a similar contraption.
What will happen then with netbooks, these small computers that the market took a clean sweep last year and it seemed all the rage? And what will Apple iPad? In its first four months of life, have sold over three million this ultraportable tablet that serves as computer and phone. But even the great invention of 2010 would become meaningless if it goes to market a screen that weighs less and, extended, is bigger and sharper, while rolled up, takes up much less space.
To Chema Lapuente, disseminator of technology and director of Digital SER radio program, not about the possible disappearance of the laptop or the iPad. It is something that goes much further: "I have very clear that the color rollable displays, which are really going to be able to carry anywhere, are the future. It is not just going to end up with smaller notebooks. Is that they will end the book, the newspaper and everything you can imagine. " The same professor Tour predicts: "As much in 10 years, and maybe even before five, these monitors will flood the market. It's about time, it just depends on how much money is spent." And it takes the price to be competitive.
Since first synthesized in 2004, advances in the field of graphene have been spectacular. The journals teem with articles featuring this carbon structure as a panacea. It is transparent, but leads electricity very well, at least 100 times faster than silicon. A conductive graphene display itself, so no need for a grid of circuits underneath. Being flexible, not only can be rolled, but can also cover non-flat surfaces ("screens spherical, conical, cylindrical?). It is cheap because it is part of graphite is in a pen either. Columbia University says which is the world's strongest material. And do not pollute.
Elsa Prada, a researcher at the CSIC in Madrid graphene, believes that they exceeded all expectations: "Many of the theories that yesterday were described as dreams are slowly becoming reality." Scared to see the theories of today, possible future realities, a thousand times faster microchips and mobile phones thousand times more powerful than the computers we know.
However, the scientific community shares this optimism. The famous Dutch physicist Walt De Heer says that "never replace silicon graphene." "No one who knows the scene can say this seriously. Just do some things that silicon can not do. It's like ships and aircraft. The planes never replaced the boats. "Especially significant is the opinion of Andre Geim, who discovered graphene, Körber Prize 2008 and a future Nobel candidate. It has sometimes made statements rather skeptical about the impending revolution. Asked about his current appears, takes to qualify: "Often the imagination runs faster than the right, is part of human nature. But in the case of graphene itself there is fire behind the smoke. Normally a new material takes between 15 and 30 years to move from academia to industry. And then another 10 to be produced in series. Not even been five years and graphene is already in the industrial field. "That's the good news, but Geim is also discouraging words:" I still is not clear that the technology of graphene will be better for longer exists. Still has many problems, too numerous to be listed. Have many applications, but the most obvious, such as chips or screens, may prove to be a fiasco, while others are not important today may be true gold mines. The problem is I do not know what will succeed. I can only accurately predict the past. "
Few doubt that the amazing come soon screens that will renew the market for all types of computers and mobile phones. Antonio Castro Neto, a physicist at Boston University and one of the pioneers of graphene, predicted to be bought within two years. But the real revolution, to a world of chips and circuits other than silicon, will have to wait much longer, "At least a decade," Castro Neto sentence.
The main obstacle is the production chain but, to be achieved, production of graphene promises to be cheap and low ecological impact. To be a better conductor than silicon, it loses less energy, so that the circuits last longer and consume less. It is pure carbon and is found in abundance anywhere, anywhere in the world (as waste is generated when writing with a pencil, for example). Its widespread use in industry would suppress other more expensive and polluting materials such as titanium oxide or indium tin oxide which are now made most transparent electronic applications. But, as noted by Professor Castro Neto, the transition may be neither easy nor quick: "Silicon is a great business that has invested so much money."
Instead of thinking of a rapid transition, such as copper that led to germanium and silicon germanium, may be more realistic think of a long coexistence of the old (Si) with the new (graphene). Hope so Rod Ruoff, a chemist specializing in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas. "It's smarter to think of this new material as a supplement to produce hybrids. I have not met a single worker in the industry, not even the most dreamy, creating a complete replacement of silicon. Maybe we should listen more to them and least to scholars, "says Ruoff.
After the wonders we have witnessed in recent years (two decades ago Internet did not exist), it is logical excited about the future. Chema Lapuente, which advises consumers of high technology from the web tuexperto.com, believes that many of the wonders of this, such as e-books are nothing more than "a temporary workaround" pending final leap forward. "The key is that your screen is flexible. Everything else is a temporary workaround," said Lapuente. What all businesses want is omniscient device monopolizes television, telephone, computer, Internet ... The device that everyone needs to buy to live in this society hiperinformatizada. That to achieve has to resort to graphene is only one possibility.
Halfway between skeptics and idealists, is the researcher Francisco Guinea, the largest English expert on the subject. Promoter of a new experimental method based on the study of graphene, Guinea believes that the new material "increase the performance of more complex systems, such as those with large companies. But the circuits on a silicon computer remain in a near future. "
So we'll wait and although the latest generation iPads can not take much, Silicon Valley still be called the same, although the maps still appears as the English explorers named it: Santa Clara Valley, patron sailors. Andre Geim, father of the miracle material, has been investigating five years and traveling the world to give lectures. Has heard thousands of times it is here that the revolution of graphene. It is realistic, but at the same time considers that "it is good to have a dream, maybe someday become a reality." And he confesses that takes five years to feel "like Alice in Wonderland, I needed to run all the time just to stay in one place."
Source: CADENA SER
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